Why it matters

Why water quality modelling matters

In the UAE, long transmission mains, large storage and water temperatures of up to 45 °C speed up disinfectant decay. At low demand, water can sit in the system for days, and remote connections can fall below the minimum chlorine residual even when the hydraulics are fine.

A water quality modelling study shows where and when this happens, and what dosing or operational change fixes it, before the network is commissioned or extended. We have carried out water quality modelling for transmission schemes over 100 km long and for farm networks with more than 8,000 connections.

Robust water quality modelling allows you to:

  • Demonstrate compliance with DoE minimum and maximum residual limits at every connection
  • Find the locations and operating conditions with the oldest water and lowest residual
  • Plan primary and booster dosing points and size the hypochlorination plant
  • Check chlorite, chlorate and bromate formation where chlorine dioxide is used
  • Test operational fixes, such as minimum flows, before investing in new plant

Scope of services

What a water quality modelling study includes

01

Water age & residence time

  • Extended-period simulation to steady water quality
  • Tank turnover and low-demand scenarios
  • Governing locations and critical paths
  • Links to CFD tank mixing studies

02

Disinfectant decay & by-products

  • Free chlorine with bulk and wall decay
  • Chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate (MSX)
  • Bromate risk where bromide is present
  • Coefficients from bottle tests at design temperature

03

Dosing strategy & compliance

  • Primary, booster and in-line dosing points
  • Hypochlorination capacity per dosing point
  • Compliance at every connection
  • Operational mitigation and recalibration plan

Recent projects

Water quality projects in the UAE

Process

How we work with you

STEP 01

Brief & data

We confirm the residual criteria, decay coefficients, source quality and the demand scenarios, building on your hydraulic model where available.

STEP 02

Modelling & options

We run extended-period water quality simulations, identify governing locations and test dosing and operational options.

STEP 03

Recommendations & handover

We report compliance, dosing locations and capacities with clear recommendations, and hand over model files on request.

Outputs

Typical deliverables

Each study is tailored to the scheme and its regulator. Typical outputs include:

  • Water quality study report with criteria, scenarios and recommendations
  • Water age and residual maps for each scenario
  • Compliance tables by zone or individual connection
  • Dosing strategy with hypochlorination capacity
  • Model files, on request, for future recalibration
Water quality modelling results showing water age at transmission outlets

Tools & methods

Tools and methods

We use recognised water quality software and methods, in line with the DoE Water Quality Regulation and UAE utility requirements.

SoftwareInfoWorks WS Pro (MSX), Bentley WaterGEMS, EPA EPANET
ConstituentsWater age, free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chlorite, chlorate, bromate
Decay modelFirst-order bulk and wall decay from bottle tests
Design basis45 °C design temperature, full and low demand
Related studiesCFD tank mixing and water network modelling

FAQ

Water quality modelling FAQs

What chlorine residual is required in Abu Dhabi?

Under the DoE Water Quality Regulation 2025, free chlorine at the customer connection must be between 0.20 and 0.50 mg/L. Our studies check every connection against both limits at full and low demand.

Why does water age matter so much in UAE networks?

Higher water temperatures speed up chlorine decay, and large storage and long mains increase residence time. The oldest water often sits at the far end of the network at low demand, which is where residuals fail first.

When is multi-species (MSX) modelling needed?

When more than one substance matters at the same time, for example chlorine dioxide from a desalination plant together with chlorite, chlorate and bromide. MSX tracks how they react together, which a single-species model cannot do.

Can water quality be improved without new dosing plant?

Often, yes. On a recent project, keeping a minimum flow to a remote reservoir cut water age from 96 to 36 hours and restored compliance. See the Al Bedai case study.

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